Understanding Fibroids

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. They vary in size, ranging from small seedlings that are undetectable by the human eye to bulky masses that can distort the uterus's shape. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for fibroids is essential for managing this condition effectively.

Causes

The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development. Hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, play a key role in their growth. Genetic factors, family history, and race also appear to influence the risk of developing fibroids. Additionally, certain lifestyle and environmental factors, such as obesity and diet, may increase the likelihood of fibroid formation.

Symptoms

Fibroids may not cause any symptoms in some cases and are often discovered incidentally during a pelvic exam or prenatal ultrasound. However, when symptoms do occur, they can vary depending on the size, number, and location of the fibroids. Common symptoms of fibroids include heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged menstrual periods, pelvic pressure or pain, frequent urination, constipation, and backache or leg pains.

Treatment

Treatment for fibroids depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and the patient's age and desire for future fertility. In many cases, observation and monitoring may be recommended, especially if the fibroids are small and asymptomatic. Medications such as hormonal contraceptives or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists may be prescribed to help manage symptoms such as heavy bleeding and pelvic pain. Surgical options, including myomectomy (removal of fibroids) and hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), may be considered for women with severe symptoms or those who have completed childbearing.