Understanding Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction that occurs when the immune
system overreacts to allergens in the air. These allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander,
or mold spores, trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals in the body, leading to
symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, itching, and runny nose.
Causes
Allergic rhinitis is caused by exposure to allergens that the body identifies as harmful, even
though they are typically harmless substances. When the immune system mistakenly identifies these
allergens as threats, it releases histamine and other chemicals to defend against them, leading to
inflammation and allergy symptoms.
Symptoms
Symptoms of allergic rhinitis may vary in severity and can include sneezing, nasal congestion, runny
or itchy nose, postnasal drip, coughing, watery or itchy eyes, itching of the throat or ears, and
fatigue. These symptoms may occur seasonally, such as during pollen seasons, or year-round,
depending on the specific allergens.
Treatment
Treatment for allergic rhinitis aims to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. This may
include allergen avoidance measures, such as using air purifiers, avoiding outdoor activities during
high pollen counts, and keeping windows closed during pollen seasons. Medications such as
antihistamines, decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, and allergy shots (immunotherapy) may also be
recommended to manage symptoms and reduce the body's immune response to allergens.
