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Congenital Hypothyroidism

Understanding Congenital Hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland present from birth. The thyroid gland, located in the neck in front of the thyroid cartilage, produces essential hormones (T3 and T4) for metabolism, growth, and development. Insufficient hormone production by the thyroid gland can lead to various health issues.

Early recognition of congenital hypothyroidism is crucial. Infants with this condition may exhibit symptoms such as jaundice, poor feeding, constipation, lethargy, and delayed developmental milestones. Without proper treatment, congenital hypothyroidism can cause significant complications affecting physical and cognitive development.

Screening and Diagnosis: Early detection through newborn screening programs is essential for prompt treatment initiation. Diagnostic tests such as thyroid function tests (T3, T4, and TSH) and ultrasound can confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.

Conventional Treatment: The primary treatment for congenital hypothyroidism involves hormone replacement therapy to supplement thyroid hormone levels. Medication, usually in the form of levothyroxine, is administered orally to maintain hormone balance. Regular monitoring and dosage adjustments are necessary to ensure optimal thyroid function.