Understanding Epistaxis (Nosebleeds)

Epistaxis, commonly known as nosebleeds, occurs when blood vessels in the nose rupture and bleed. While nosebleeds are often benign and resolve spontaneously, recurrent or severe nosebleeds may require medical attention. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for epistaxis is essential for proper management.

Causes

Nosebleeds can be caused by various factors, including dry air, nasal irritation, trauma to the nose, allergies, infections, high blood pressure, blood clotting disorders, and certain medications. In some cases, underlying medical conditions such as sinusitis, deviated septum, or tumors may contribute to nosebleeds.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of epistaxis is bleeding from one or both nostrils. Nosebleeds may be accompanied by other symptoms such as nasal congestion, nasal discharge, facial pain, or difficulty breathing. In severe cases, excessive bleeding or prolonged nosebleeds may lead to dizziness, weakness, or fainting.

Treatment

Treatment for nosebleeds depends on the underlying cause and severity of the bleeding. In most cases, applying pressure to the nostrils and tilting the head forward can help stop the bleeding. Additionally, using a humidifier, applying petroleum jelly to the inside of the nostrils, and avoiding nose picking can prevent future nosebleeds. If nosebleeds persist or are recurrent, medical evaluation may be necessary to identify and address any underlying issues.